#UpStream

Our Dam Safety team is inspecting Ocoee No. 1 Dam today following yesterday’s record flooding in Georgia and Tennessee. These inspections are routine after a major flood. As much as 8 to 10 inches of rain fell upstream in north Georgia, sending floodwater down the Toccoa River, which becomes the Ocoee at the Tennessee state line. Boards atop the dam’s concrete spillway are designed to be overtopped and break away during high flows, allowing more water to pass downstream. Those boards will need to be replaced. We’re lowering Parksville Lake, the reservoir behind the dam, approximately 5 feet to accommodate repairs. Lake levels will remain below normal through December, depending on additional rainfall. Get current lake levels on our free LakeInfo app📱or at

There's a growing ensemble signal for a potential East Coast cyclone around Nov 9-11. There is a multi-suite signal for cyclogenesis, but with very large spread re: location and intensity. Looking upstream to identify the uncertainty source in the next post:

Looking across all ensemble suites that show this cyclone developing, strictly verbatim speaking models show a shortwave trough splitting off from a NE Pacific cyclone, and digging into the South Plains in response to upstream ridge amplification.

The NE Pacific cyclone from which this shortwave trough is modeled to split hasn't formed yet. A major source of upstream uncertainty is the recurvature of Typhoon In-Fa, which is then modeled to amplify the downstream waveguide and lead to said NE Pac cyclone & shortwave trough.

Okay so all together this paints an interesting picture of the RVAC shutdown: After E6 cuts off and after they established what occured of course we get the callout "E6 took an ORCU controller reset which is what drove the shutdown" Raptor has two main valve&avionics packages. Didn't know their specific name until now but we can tell it is referring to this hardware from this other shot that depicts telemetry from E1 from the other package, the FRCU (not totally set on what the RCU portion means but best guess is just raptor controller unit, similar enough to the terminology used on Raptor 2, and alternating fuel/oxidizer as the leading letter for each of the two packages). This lists measured transducer temperatures (I assume from elsewhere in the fuel powerhead), board temps of the avionics inside the package, voltages of the avionics in the package, medians for the heater for the boards inside the package, and then what actually confirms that this is the hardware I suspect is the next two boxes, OPFV motor temps and OPFV heaters. AKA the oxygen preburner fuel valve. Both of these packages on the engine have one throttle valve, to respective preburners. The fuel side controller will throttle the fuel going to the oxygen preburner, and the oxygen side controller will throttle oxygen going to the fuel preburner, just to get everyone up to speed. Anyway, that aside, so the oxygen side controller reset and drove the engine to shut down, but that wasn't really the end of that story. During the poll to continue to orbit a pneumatics leak was mentioned. Later on during the coast we get a brief view of a preliminary report of some sort; "Suspect E6 ORCU leak, likely ox into pneumatics Suspect E5 ORCU leak, no pneumatics contamination E5 and E6 ducers undertemped during run E6 ORCU reset during suspect leak E6 otp_zts died PXOC spike on E6 E6 observed ORCU contamination of pneumatics system pneumatics response [...] Lost E6 OTP_ZTS" So both E5 and 6 were experiencing issues with helium from the pneumatics system leaking out centered within the oxygen side controller. E6's was bad enough for oxygen products (likely liquid oxygen, more on that in a second) was able to contaminate the gaseous helium of the pneumatics system. That leak seemed to have persisted for it to continue to be of concern for the relight. PXOC spike on E6, I assume is one of the pressure transducers within the controller package itself, possibly also the cause of the upstream contamination into the ghe system. OTP_ZTS is a temperature probe. Can also see it referred to as OX ZTS.T. E5 and 6 also had some transducers going undertemped meaning they dropped below their operating range, IE they froze, lol. Suggests there was a bit of a lox leak from the OTP into the controller. Not really a huge problem for the rest of the vehicle because it is downstream of the prevalves and shutoff valves but I would hazard a *guess* that the combination of those conditions occurring within the controller is what prompted it to reset which prompted the vehicle to command both controllers to cut it. The following problems persist as a result of it though. As mentioned pneumatics had been leaking during the coast phase, after SECO. The vehicle is just losing GHe which it needs for literally all functions. I'm not quite sure why but a lot of people seem to have this idea that helium is barely used or something...it's very strange but whatever. Helium is used for almost all pneumatic systems on the vehicles and has been for a long ass time and without it the vehicle loses all control over basically all but the smallest of solenoids. While discussing the early return concerns the following is said over comms: "engine shutdown is an elevated risk...and then helium is somewhat of an elevated risk, you know, with the settling" "I agree with the decision to go to early hawaii, I don't think that I would gate that just on using helium in the header tanks given we're pretty well mitigated" Main takeaway here is that they swapped to using helium to pressurize the header tanks. Normally they are pressed with their respective gox and gch4 products but the ship exclusively has the ability to switch that to helium press, it's not ideal but it is a viable solution to a scenario like this where your ability to control any given set of valves is dubious thanks to a seemingly isolated pneumatics leak (there are multiple mostly independent circuits for different purposes). Especially after a longer on-orbit duration...it'd be pretty awful to go start conditioning for the deorbit 8 hours later just to find out you cannot control commodities to the engine or control header pressure or any combination of horrible things. So that's my interpretation of the information that can be uncovered. Follows the principle of what they've already said the cause was but that was vauge. This prompts a better understanding of the cascade that caused them to return early. Obviously some things may be wrong because this is certainly more "gremlins in the engine" territory but I am astonished at the information that can be found in this video already.

Only 2.13 inches near McCaysville, but 6.22 inches upstream near Blue Ridge. Why does that matter? Water travels. Heavy rain in north Georgia sent runoff into the Toccoa/Ocoee river system, contributing to dangerous flooding downstream around McCaysville and Copperhill. These are 12-hour radar rainfall estimates, not floodwater depths. Respect closures and never enter flooded roads. Open WeatherWise’s rainfall-estimate layers under the Composite Tab, to see the bigger picture beyond your location.

𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿! Tomorrow, S&P Global Energy experts will share insights on LNG, petrochemicals, crude markets & more at the Fall Houston Market Briefing. Register now! Register Today! #upstream #petrochemicals

If you see posts that a “ridge” is blocking the Pacific trough and jet, that is not correct, the Westerlies upper ridges are created by deeper storms upstream with latent heat release downstream - West Coast northern California still in line for heavy precipitation November 12-18

Just look at the scale of China's hydropower project upstream, close to our border. Satellite images already show construction progressing. Shouldn't we also be asking what this could mean for the Siang and the people living downstream?

🛢️ Today's Crude Oil Prices: 📈 WTI: $91.24 (+0.80) 📈 Brent: $99.48 (+1.21) ⏱️ 03:00:00 GMT #today #upstream #oilmarket #Midstream

Rain always on the upstream (SE) to the island. Note no rain on the downstream side of the island. All concentrated for Guam none for Rota, Tinian, Saipan. It rains almost everyday especially northern Guam. Compare with Saipan no rain . @NWSGuam weather modification

Copperhill, Tennessee, this is catastrophic and it's happening right now. The Ocoee River just hit major flood stage, only 3 feet from its all time peak, with homes and businesses underwater and being evacuated. If you're anywhere near that river, get to higher ground immediately and do not drive into water.

Copperhill, TN — where the Ocoee just hit record flood stage — sits in the old Copper Basin. For decades this area was a barren, eroded “desert” so stripped by copper mining and acid fumes that astronauts used the scar as a landmark from space. Abandoned shafts (some over 2,000 ft deep), tunnels, and mine workings still underlie the basin around Ducktown and Copperhill. It’s also right in the TVA system: Blue Ridge Dam upstream, Ocoee Dam No. 3 just downstream.

The Fall Houston Market Briefing is this Thursday! Join S&P Global Energy experts November 5 for the latest on LNG, petrochemicals, crude markets & more. Save your seat today. Register Today! #upstream #petrochemicals

Imagine what demand destruction is looking like in the rest of the world, not only from high prices but also downstream outages which reduce the potential for upstream crude processing. When oil reverses it is going to reverse very painfully. Think it happens soon. Be careful.

CHART OF THE DAY: High gasoline prices have dented fuel demand in the US. With the exception of 2020 during the pandemic, this year's summer consumption (measured as the July and August average) was the weakest in ~25 years.

BIG NEWS: Over 200,000 hardworking Texans have #upstream jobs in the state’s oil & natural gas industry as drilling activity in Texas continues to increase! Texas #energy is a #jobs creation machine.

Missing Pages Soundtrack (MoShang Upstream Downstream Mix)

Price of Tungsten on Nov. 03 2026 We all hope it doesn't rise too fast, otherwise upstream and downstream customers won't be able to keep up. Take it slow—a gradual, steady increase would be best 📈

Search efforts continue for Benny Sutton Jr., who went missing near Castle Hot Springs on Nov. 1 after his vehicle was found submerged in floodwater about two miles downstream from the resort. Rescuers confirmed Sutton was not inside the vehicle, and crews are now focusing on upstream areas and debris piles downstream as their search continues. Multiple agencies, including the Yavapai County Sheriff’s Office, swift-water rescue teams, K-9 units, drones and helicopters are searching for Sutton. Read more 👇

PART I — PRODUCT CATALOG 01. METABOLIC & WEIGHT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH This category focuses on appetite regulation, glucose metabolism, energy balance, and lipid metabolism. 1. Semaglutide GLP-1 receptor agonism; appetite regulation and glucose metabolism. 2. Tirzepatide Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism; metabolic regulation. 3. Retatrutide Triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonism; metabolic research. 4. Mazdutide GLP-1 and glucagon receptor activity; energy balance and metabolic regulation. 5. Survodutide GLP-1 and glucagon receptor activity; metabolic and liver-related research. 6. Cagrilintide Amylin analogue; satiety and appetite-related signaling. 7. Tesamorelin GHRH analogue; growth hormone axis and visceral adipose tissue research. 8. AOD-9604 Modified HGH fragment; investigated in lipid metabolism research. 9. Adipotide Investigational compound studied in adipose tissue-targeting research. 10. 5-Amino-1MQ NNMT inhibition; cellular metabolism and energy regulation research. 11. SLU-PP-332 ERR agonist research; mitochondrial and exercise-related metabolic pathways. 12. AICAR AMPK activation; cellular energy and metabolic signaling. 13. L-Carnitine Fatty acid transport into mitochondria; energy metabolism. 02. GROWTH HORMONE & MUSCLE RESEARCH This category explores growth hormone signaling, IGF-related pathways, endocrine regulation, and muscle biology. 14. HGH / Somatropin Growth hormone signaling; growth and metabolic regulation. 15. IGF-1 LR3 IGF-related signaling; cell growth and proliferation research. 16. Ipamorelin Ghrelin receptor agonism; growth hormone secretion research. 17. CJC-1295 with DAC Long-acting GHRH analogue; growth hormone axis research. 18. CJC-1295 without DAC GHRH analogue; growth hormone signaling research. 19. Sermorelin GHRH analogue; pituitary growth hormone regulation. 20. GHRP-2 Growth hormone secretagogue receptor signaling. 21. GHRP-6 Growth hormone secretion and appetite-related signaling research. 22. Hexarelin Acetate Growth hormone secretagogue; endocrine signaling research. 23. MGF Mechano-growth factor; muscle and tissue biology research. 24. PEG-MGF PEGylated MGF; investigated for altered peptide stability and exposure. 25. ACE-031 Myostatin/activin pathway inhibition research; muscle growth regulation. 03. TISSUE REPAIR & RECOVERY RESEARCH Research in this area examines tissue biology, cellular migration, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signaling. 26. BPC-157 Preclinical research involving tissue biology, angiogenesis, and repair-related pathways. 27. TB-500 Thymosin beta-4-related research; cell migration and tissue biology. 28. ARA-290 / Cibinetide EPO-derived peptide; tissue protection and inflammatory signaling research. 29. GLOW Commonly marketed combination of TB-500, BPC-157, and GHK-Cu. Formulations may vary. 30. KLOW Commonly marketed combination of TB-500, BPC-157, GHK-Cu, and KPV. Formulations may vary. 04. LONGEVITY, MITOCHONDRIAL & CELLULAR RESEARCH This category focuses on mitochondrial function, cellular energy, oxidative stress, and senescence-related pathways. 31. MOTS-c Mitochondrial-derived peptide; metabolic and AMPK-related signaling research. 32. SS-31 / Elamipretide Mitochondrial membrane interactions and cellular energy research. 33. Epitalon Investigated in telomere and cellular aging-related research. 34. NAD+ Cellular redox reactions, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial function. 35. FOXO4 / FOXO4-DRI Investigational senescence-related research; FOXO4 signaling. 36. Glutathione Cellular antioxidant defense and redox regulation. 05. SKIN, HAIR & COSMETIC RESEARCH Research in this category includes copper-binding peptides, cosmetic peptide applications, and pigmentation-related pathways. 37. GHK-Cu Copper-binding peptide; skin biology and extracellular matrix research. 38. AHK-Cu Copper-binding peptide; hair follicle and skin-related research. 39. SNAP-8 Cosmetic peptide studied in expression-line-related applications. 40. Melanotan I Melanocortin receptor activity and pigmentation research. 41. Melanotan II Melanocortin receptor activity; pigmentation and other biological pathways. 42. Lemon Bottle Commercial aesthetic formulation; ingredients and evidence require product-specific verification. 06. NEUROLOGICAL, SLEEP & COGNITIVE RESEARCH This category explores neuropeptide signaling, sleep-related pathways, and neurological research. 43. DSIP Delta sleep-inducing peptide; sleep-related research. 44. Semax Investigated in neurobiological and neuroprotective research. 45. Selank Investigated in anxiety-related and neuropeptide signaling research. 46. PE-22-28 Experimental peptide studied in neurobiological signaling. 47. Oxytocin Acetate Oxytocin receptor signaling; social behavior and neuroendocrine research. 07. REPRODUCTIVE & HORMONAL RESEARCH This category focuses on reproductive endocrinology, gonadal hormone regulation, and melanocortin signaling. 48. HCG LH receptor activity; reproductive and gonadal hormone regulation. 49. HMG / Menotropins FSH and LH activity; reproductive endocrinology. 50. Kisspeptin-10 KISS1 receptor signaling; GnRH and reproductive hormone regulation. 51. PT-141 / Bremelanotide Melanocortin receptor activity; sexual function research. 08. IMMUNE & INFLAMMATORY RESEARCH This category covers immune signaling, inflammatory pathways, and host-defense mechanisms. 52. KPV Alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide; inflammatory signaling research. 53. Thymalin Thymic peptide preparation; immune-related research. 54. Thymosin Alpha-1 Immune modulation and T-cell-related research. 55. VIP Vasoactive intestinal peptide; neuroimmune and inflammatory signaling. 56. LL-37 Antimicrobial peptide; innate immune and host-defense research. 09. OTHER RESEARCH MATERIALS & FORMULATIONS Not every material in the industry is technically a peptide. This category includes supporting materials and commercial formulations. 57. BAC Water Bacteriostatic water; specialized pharmaceutical diluent. 58. Acetic Acid Solution 1% Laboratory and formulation-related pH and solubility applications. 59. Dermorphin Opioid peptide; specialized pharmacological research. 60. Lipo-C Commercial lipotropic formulation; composition varies by supplier. 61. MIC Commonly refers to methionine, inositol, and choline formulations; composition varies.

PART II — RESEARCH COMBINATIONS Beyond individual compounds, combinations are frequently discussed in research and industry contexts. However, combining compounds does not automatically establish improved outcomes, synergy, compatibility, or safety. The following are examples of combinations and their associated research pathways—not validated treatment protocols. A. MUSCLE & GROWTH HORMONE RESEARCH 1. CJC-1295 without DAC + Ipamorelin - GHRH-related signaling and ghrelin receptor signaling. - Research focus: regulation of growth hormone secretion through different signaling pathways. 2. IGF-1 LR3 + CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin - IGF-related signaling combined with upstream growth hormone axis signaling. - Research focus: relationships between GH-axis regulation and downstream IGF pathways. 3. CJC-1295 + IGF-1 LR3 - GHRH-related endocrine signaling and IGF-related cellular signaling. - Research focus: interactions between upstream endocrine regulation and downstream growth-related pathways. 4. CJC-1295 + AOD-9604 - Growth hormone axis signaling and lipid metabolism research. - Research focus: distinct endocrine and metabolic pathways. 5. CJC-1295 + BPC-157 + TB-500 - Growth hormone axis research combined with preclinical tissue biology research. - Research focus: endocrine signaling, cell migration, and tissue-related biological pathways. B. METABOLIC & WEIGHT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 6. Tirzepatide + MOTS-c + AOD-9604 - GIP/GLP-1 receptor signaling, mitochondrial-derived peptide research, and lipid metabolism. - Research focus: multiple pathways involved in metabolic regulation. 7. Tirzepatide + Tesamorelin - Incretin receptor signaling and GHRH-related endocrine signaling. - Research focus: metabolic regulation and growth hormone axis biology. 8. Tirzepatide + SS-31 + MOTS-c - Incretin signaling, mitochondrial membrane research, and mitochondrial-derived metabolic signaling. - Research focus: cellular energy regulation and metabolic pathways. 9. Retatrutide + MOTS-c - GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor activity and mitochondrial-derived peptide research. - Research focus: multi-receptor metabolic signaling and cellular energy regulation. 10. Retatrutide + Tesamorelin - Multi-receptor metabolic signaling and GHRH-related endocrine regulation. - Research focus: distinct metabolic and hormonal pathways. 11. Mazdutide + Cagrilintide - GLP-1/glucagon receptor activity and amylin-related signaling. - Research focus: appetite regulation, satiety, and metabolic pathways. 12. Mazdutide + SLU-PP-332 - Metabolic receptor signaling and ERR-related mitochondrial research. - Research focus: energy metabolism and cellular metabolic regulation. 13. Mazdutide + Lipo-C - Metabolic pharmacology and lipotropic formulation research. - Research focus: distinct metabolic and nutritional pathways. Lipo-C composition must be verified for each product. C. ADDITIONAL MULTI-COMPOUND RESEARCH COMBINATIONS 14. Tirzepatide + Ipamorelin + CJC-1295 - Incretin receptor signaling and growth hormone axis research. - Research focus: metabolic and endocrine signaling pathways. 15. Retatrutide + Ipamorelin + CJC-1295 - Triple-receptor metabolic signaling and growth hormone axis research. - Research focus: separate metabolic and endocrine pathways. 16. Retatrutide + Ipamorelin + CJC-1295 + BPC-157 - Metabolic receptor signaling, endocrine regulation, and preclinical tissue biology. - Research focus: multiple biological pathways that require independent evaluation. IMPORTANT NOTE ON COMBINATIONS These combinations are not established clinical protocols. Evidence for individual compounds cannot establish the safety or effectiveness of a combination. Potential interactions, compatibility, pharmacokinetics, and combined effects require independent investigation.

$SU Suncor has everything Long-life liquids upstream with integrated downstream in North America